On the basis of his research with infants, Watson believed there were 3 basic emotions,…

On the basis of his research with infants, Watson believed there were 3 basic emotions, and they were fear, anger, and happiness.
True
False
Ivan Pavlov contributed _____ to the behaviorist school of thought.
an objective methodology
evidence of feasibility
a refutation of the laboratory animal
a refutation of Watson’s behaviorism
For behaviorists, the goal of psychology is
the reduction of cognitive processes to their biological correlates.
a utopia based on operant conditioning principles.
the prediction and control of behavior.
the expansion of Pavlovian conditioning to voluntary behaviors.
The neo-behaviorists studied animals because they believe the distinction between humans and animals is
at the point where language is observed.
arbitrary.
necessary if psychology is to be a natural science of behavior.
explained by one’s efficiency in adapting to the environment.
According to Tolman’s learning theory, rats acquire a _____ by learning all the sign-Gestalt relationships in a maze.
habit
drive
tropism
cognitive map
Which of the following is true about the outcome of operationism for American psychology?
There is no longer any talk of operational definitions in research methods courses.
By insisting on rigid definitions, it made the replication process impossible.
It meant that between roughly 1930 and 1960, American psychologists never studied unobservable theoretical entities (e.g., hunger).
It had the benefit of forcing psychologists to be clear about how they defined their terms.
What happened in Tolman’s latent learning study?
For the NR-R group, performance improved steadily in the first series of trials, but deteriorated when the rats switched from “NR” to “R”.
Rats learned a maze regardless of whether they were rewarded or not.
In the NR-R group, food was not available until day 11 and that was the day when true learning began.
Learning did not seem to occur unless the animals found food in the goal box.
A pigeon has been reinforced for key pecking. If the reinforcement is discontinued, the result is
shaping.
extinction.
punishment.
stimulus control.
Operant conditioning is based on the notion that a response is more likely to follow a stimulus when it is reinforced and less likely to follow when it is punished.
True
False
Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons that behaviorism expanded in the late 1920s and early 1930s?
The concepts of logical positivism and operationalism were published.
Ivan Pavlov’s conditioning research was translated into English.
Americans demanded a practical psychology.
Introspection was invented during this time.
Hull’s doctoral dissertation involved human concept learning, but he took from it a basic principle that applied to his later theorizing. What was this principle?
Learning results from a gradual accumulation of habit strength.
If drive is zero, then behavior is zero.
Reinforcement affects performance, not learning.
It is best to avoid intervening variables whenever possible.
The Ringling Brothers circus, Sea World, and other businesses that rely on trained animals to drive revenue are most closely associated with which of the following behaviorists?
John B. Watson
Clark Hull
Ivan Pavlov
B. F. Skinner