Economic and political chaos will be caused by economic sabotage, strikes, and demands for

Economic and political chaos will be caused by economic sabotage, strikes, and demands for higher wages
A new anti-commun ist opposition will be established in the form of ‘free and independent’ trade unions
Constant political pressure and threats of strikes aim at reducing and finally eliminating the influence of the party in the state and society.
That is the goal of counter-revolution in Poland!
Material prepared by the Polish government to be used by g
o
vernment
supporters when talking to friends and w
o
rkmates
,
Novembe
r 1
980.
© UCLES2010 0470/21/M/J/10
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v
er
1
0
SOURCE D
In July and August of 1980 a wave of strikes swept throughout Poland. The issue at stake was then something much bigger than living and working conditions.
In the brief history of those eventfulyears,the Gdansk Agreement stands out as a great charter of the rights of the working people which nothing can ever destroy.We have won the right to association in trade unions independent from the authorities, founded and shaped by the working people themselves. Our union – ‘Solidarity’ – has grown into a powerful movement for social and moral liberation.The people freed from the bondage of fear called for reforms.We fought a difficult struggle for our existence. ‘Solidarity’, as a trade union movement,did not reach for power, nor did it turn against the established constitutional order. During the 15 months of ‘Solidarity’s’ legal existence nobody was killed or wounded as a result of its activities.
We shall not yield to violence. We shall not be deprived of union freedoms. The announced trials of eleven leading members of our movement must never be held. All those already sentenced for their union activities should be released from prison. As a nation we have the right to decide our own affairs, to mould our own future. This does not pose any danger to anybody.Despite everything that has been going on in my country duringthe past two years, Iam stillconvinced that we have no alternative but to come to an agreement ,and that the difficult problems which Poland is now facing can be resolved only through a real dialogue between state authorities and the people.
From the lecture given by Lech Walesa when he was a
w
arded
the Nobe
l
Pr
i
ze
fo
r
peace i
n
1983.
© UCLES 2010 0470/21/M/J/10
C> UCLES 2010 0470/21/M/J/10
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v
er
14
Now answer
all
the following questions. You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to those sources which you are told to use. In answering the questions you should use your knowledge of the topic to help you interpret and evaluate the sources.
Study Sources A and B.
How far do these two sources agree? Explain your answer using details of the sources. (7]
2
Study Sources C and D.
How far does Source D make Source C surprising? Explain your answer using details of the sources and your knowledge. (8]
3 Study Source
E
.
Why do you think this source was published in 1981? Explain your answer using details of the source and your knowledge. (7]
Study Sources F and G.
How simi ar are the messages of these two cartoons? Explain your answer using details of the sources and your knowledge. (8]
Study Source H.
How far do you believe General Jaruzelski in Source H? Explain your answer using details of the source and your knowledge. (8]
6
Study
all
the sources.
Do these sources provide convincing evidence that the Soviet Union was responsible for the crisis in Poland? Use the sources to explain your answer. (12]
C> UCLES 2010 0470/21/MIJ/10
SOUR
C
E A
Poland Suffers: Poles rapidly were made aware by the heavy-handed Communist authorities, commanded by General Jaruzelski, of the very serious consequences to follow.Numerous members of the rapidly growing democracy movement, led by Solidarity and LechWalesa,were to suffer intimidation, harassment, prosecution, severe physical punishment, the mass internment of 1O000 activists, and even an estimated 100 tragic deaths – all at the bloody hands of the reactionary Communists.
Even the small freedoms that the people had previously enjoyed were officially extinguished. The ruthless Communist regime was determined to strangle the infant democracy movement while it was still in the cradle. Poland, in effect,hadnow become one huge prison camp with every citizen a prisoner, guarded by the Polish Army. The secret police and riot police, all equally dreaded and detested in Poland, were given a free hand to subdue the people. The long and brutal period of martial law had begun and was to last until22 July 1983.
An
eye-witness account of events in 1981. Thisaccount is fr
o
m
a
Po
li
sh
webs
i
te
commemorating the period of mart
i
al
law.
••
••
2
1
7
••
© UCLES 2010 0470/21/M/JJ10
9
S
OUR
C
E
B
Content removed due to copyright restrictions
SOUR
C
E C
As long as imperialist states and forces exist,they willnotstop tryingtosplit and destroy the revolutionary movement through counter-revolution,to reverse the achievements of the working class.Murder,terror, and civil war are the open and most brutal form of counter-revolution. Let us remember the murders committed by Fascist elements in Hungary in 1956, led by imperialist spies,and the daily flood of lies, slanders,and disinformation that pours down not only on the citizens of their own countries, but also on the socialist states.
Counter-revolution appeals to weak elements with slogans of ‘a socialism without communists’, or ‘independent trade unions’ as a way of causing anti-socialist activities. Today, imperialist centres, especially in West Germany, are using determined counter-revolutionaries such as Walesa, who want a ‘Poland without communism’.
Counter-revolution learned from its defeats in Hungary in 1956, in Czechoslovakia in 1968,and Poland in 1970. It works now with a number of long-range plans. In close cooperation with imperialist secret services, reactionary forces have worked out a three-step plan for Poland:
Economic and political chaos will be caused by economic sabotage, strikes, and demands for higher wages
A new anti-communist opposition will be established in the form of ‘free and independent’ trade unions
Constant political pressure and threats of strikes aim at reducing and finally eliminating the influence of the party in the state and society.
That is the goal of counter-revolution in Poland!
Mate
r
ial
prepa
r
ed by the Polish government t
o
be used by g
ov
ernment
supporters when talking
to
fr
iends and w
o
rkmates
,
Novembe
r
198
0
.
© UCLES 2010
0470/21/M/JJ10
[Turn
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