1. The primary focus or goal of trait theories of personality is to attempt to identify…

1. The primary focus or goal of trait theories of personality is to attempt to identify specific dimensions that are associated with different personalities. True or False? 2. Raymond Cattell hypothesized the existence of which two types of personality traits? 3. According to Cattell, what are traits at the center or core of an individual’s personality called? 4. Trait theories describe WHICH behaviors occur. True or False? 5. According to Cattell, central source traits are at the center or core of an individual’s personality. True or False? 6. The personality theory that emphasizes the importance of unconscious motivation and conflict to personality development is referred to as which theory? 7. What principle did Freud believe the ego operated on? 8. A defense mechanism in which an individual attempts to cope with an anxiety-producing situation by retreating psychologically to an earlier stage of development is known as what? 9. In comparison to the superego, the id would lead to behaviors that are less rational. True or False? 10. The ego is more conscious than the id. True or False? 11. Sigmund Freud encouraged patients to relax and say whatever came to their minds, a procedure known as free association. True or False? 12. According to psychoanalytic theory, the superego is guided by the reality principle. True or False? 13. The structure of Freud’s theory that functions as a moral guardian and sets high standards of behavior is the ego. True or False? 14. Making excuses, finding justification for unacceptable ideas, impulses, or behaviors is known as rationalization. True or False? 15. According to Rogers, the person who you would like to become is your ideal self. True or False? 16. What is the bottom, or most basic level, of Maslow’s hierarchy? 17. Behaviorists and social-learning theorists favor the psychological assessment technique of behavioral observation. True or False? 18. In his studies of personality, Freud relied heavily on the interview. True or False? 19. If you were given a pencil and paper test consisting of 566 statements and told to rate them “true,” “false,” or “cannot say,” what test would you be taking? 20. The MMPI uses a statistical analysis to group together items into measures of 10 clinical scales. True or False? 21. Personality tests developed with the underlying rationale based on psychoanalytic theory are called projective tests. True or False? 22. What is a commonly used projective test in which the subject is asked to examine stains and state what they look like or what they bring to mind? 23. An improvement to behavioral observation would be to add multiple settings for observations to occur. True or False? 24. Participant bias is a problem that behavioral observations and interviews share. True or False? 25. Paper and pencil questionnaires are more highly standardized, which makes them a better assessment than interviews. True or False?