Tag: Psychology

A client struggles with substance abuse and is low-income. His caseworker finds two opportunities for substance abuse programs. One is a free program and the other will require him to pay a high deductible.

Learning occurs when information moves from:
implicit memory to explicit memory.
short-term to long-term memory.
implicit memory to short-term memory.
sensory memory to short-term memory.

Which of the following is true for the Student Version above?
Word-for-Word plagiarism
Paraphrasing plagiarism
This is not plagiarism
Learning from demonstrations is enhanced when learners actively engage in interaction with one another rather than passively observing the demonstration. When learners are required to find a new portrayal of the information that has been presented, they are required to process the information at a deeper level in order to identify and demonstrate this new portrayal. When they are required to demonstrate their new portrayals to one another, this provides additional portrayals of the information being taught, thus increasing the richness of the instruction.
In order to make instruction more effective, learners should be required to find additional portrayals of the information which have been presented by the instructor. Learners are expected to then demonstrate their portrayals to one another. Learning from demonstrations is enhanced when learners actively engage in interaction with one another rather than passively observing the demonstration.
References:
Merrill, M. D. (2009). First principles of instruction. In C. M. Reigeluth & A. A. Carr-Chellman (Eds.), Instructional-Design theories and models: Building a common knowledge base. (pp. 41-56). New York: Routledge.

Question 10 (1 point) Random assignment to groups helps ensure that: 1) a correlation does not exist between the independent and dependent variable. 2) groups do not differ on variables not of interest. 3) an independent variable is manipulated in each group. 4) demand characteristics in each group are minimized.
Question 9 (1 point) In an experiment, researchers exposed half the children to 2 hours of violence on television every day for a month and made sure the other half saw no violence on television at all. At the end of the month, they measured the level of aggressiveness in the children. What were the children who were exposed to violent television? 1) control group 2) dependent variable 3) experimental group 4) independent variable.
Question 8 (1 point) The chair of the psychology department wants to determine the average GPA of all psychology majors at the college. She compiles a list of the GPAs of all the psychology majors and calculates the average. The chairperson is working with data from a(n): 1) invalid source. 2) population 3) sample 4) case study.
Question 7 (1 point) An instructor makes it clear to his psychology students that if they do not participate in his research, they will receive a failing grade. What ethical principle has the instructor violated? 1) protection from harm 2) informed consent 3) debriefing 4) freedom from coercion.
Question 6 (1 point) The ethical principle of informed consent means that research participants are given enough information about a study to make a reasonable decision about whether or not to participate: 1) debriefing 2) informed consent 3) protection from harm 4) freedom from coercion.
Question 5 (1 point) A testable prediction derived from a theory is termed a(n): 1) experiment. 2) valid measure. 3) operational definition 4) hypothesis.
Question 4 (1 point) The belief that one can obtain accurate knowledge about the causes of human behavior by observing people behaving in different situations exemplifies: 1) pragmatism. 2) empiricism. 3) dogmatism. 4) parsimony.
Question 3 (1 point) A psychologist who studies memory processes by investigating the remarkable ability of Akira Haraguchi to accurately recite pi to 100,000 digits is using: 1) the case method. 2) self-selection. 3) the double-blind technique. 4) experimentation.

The theory we have constructed originates with the three phases of learning described above. We have organized and adapted the features of simulations to provide the learner with the most effective and efficient presentations in order to achieve successful acquisition, application and assessment. Our general model describes five aspects of simulations and provides prescriptions for the implementation of each. It applies to all simulations for teaching principles or procedures. Specific conditions or types of simulations require their own characteristic prescriptions that are described G3 variations on the general model. Another ID theory that could be useful in the design of educational games is a model presented by Reigeluth and Schwartz (1989) intended for designing instruction in educational simulations. This model provides a more specific approach to designing instruction. Reigeluth and Schwartz propose three phases of the learning process which educational simulations should activate. They are: (1) acquisition of basic knowledge, (2) application of knowledge to the full range of scenarios, and (3) assessment of what has been learned. Their model for designing educational simulations is comprised of heuristics intended to inform the designer in following a set of prescriptions.
References: Reigeluth, C., & Schwartz, E. (1989). An instructional theory for the design of computer-based simulations. Journal of Computer-Based Instruction, 16(1), 1-10.
Which of the following is true for the Student Version above?
Word-for-Word plagiarism
Paraphrasing plagiarism
This is not plagiarism

CASE STUDY ETHICS
WRITE OR GET CASE STUDY AND APPLY THIS
Writing a case study
There are two different approaches to case studies. This guide focuses on the problem-oriented method. Always check with your lecturer to confirm if this is the type required. A successful case study analyses a real-life situation where existing problems need to be solved. It should relate the theory to a practical situation, for example, apply the ideas and knowledge discussed in the coursework to the practical situation at hand in the case study.
Identify the problems.
Select the major problems in the case.
Suggest solutions to these major problems.
Recommend the best solution to be implemented.
Detail how this solution should be implemented.
Findings
Identify the problems found in the case by: analysing the problem, supporting your findings with facts given in the case, the relevant theory and course concepts, searching for the underlying problems. This section is often divided into sub-sections.
Discussion
Summarise the major problem/s. Identify alternative solutions to this/these major problem/s. Briefly outline each alternative solution and evaluate its advantages and disadvantages. There is no need to refer to theory or coursework here.
Conclusion
Sum up the main points from the findings and discussion.
Recommendations
Choose which of the alternative solutions should be adopted. Briefly justify your choice explaining how it will solve the major problem/s. This should be written in a forceful style as this section is intended to be persuasive. Here integration of theory and coursework is appropriate.
Implementation
Explain what should be done, by whom and by when. If appropriate include a rough estimate of costs (both financial and time).
References
Make sure all references are cited correctly.
Appendices (if any)
Attach any original data that relates to the study but which would have interrupted the flow of the main body.
There are usually eight sections in a case study:
Synopsis/Executive Summary
Outline the purpose of the case study.
Describe the field of research.
Outline the issues and findings of the case study without the specific details.
Identify the theory that will be used.
Note any assumptions made (you may not have all the information you’d like so some assumptions may be necessary e.g.: “It has been assumed that…”, “Assuming that it takes half an hour to read one document…”).

Item 5
In the case below, the original source material is given along with a sample of student work. Determine the type of plagiarism by clicking the appropriate radio button.
Original Source Material
Student Version
But what are reasonable outcomes of the influence of global processes on education? While the question of how global processes influence all aspects of education (and who controls these forces) is multidimensional and not completely testable, there appear to be some theories of globalization as it relates to education that can be empirically examined.
References: Rutkowski, L., & Rutkowski, D. (2009). Trends in TIMSS responses over time: Evidence of global forces in education? Educational Research and Evaluation, 15(2), 137-152.
The authors are not alone in asking “what are reasonable outcomes of the influence of global processes on education” (p.138). In fact, this same question provides the basis for the discussion that follows.
Which of the following is true for the Student Version above?
Word-for-Word plagiarism
Paraphrasing plagiarism
This is not plagiarism
Item 6
In the case below, the original source material is given along with a sample of student work. Determine the type of plagiarism by clicking the appropriate radio button.
Original Source Material
Student Version
Merck, in fact, epitomizes the ideological nature–the pragmatic idealism–of highly visionary companies. Our research showed that a fundamental element in the “ticking clock” of a visionary company is a core ideology–core values and a sense of purpose beyond just making money–that guides and inspires people throughout the organization and remains relatively fixed for long periods of time.
References: Collins, J. C., & Porras, J. I. (2002). Built to last: Successful habits of visionary companies. New York, NY: Harper Paperbacks.
Several factors can contribute to long-term organizational success. One is the establishment of a core ideology that Collins and Porras (2002) describe as “core values and sense of purpose beyond just making money” (p. 48). Also, the importance of a visionary leader that guides and inspires people throughout the organization and remains relatively fixed for long periods of time is hard to over emphasize.
References: Collins, J. C., & Porras, J. I. (2002). Built to last: Successful habits of visionary companies. New York, NY: Harper Paperbacks.
Which of the following is true for the Student Version above?
Word-for-Word plagiarism
Paraphrasing plagiarism
This is not plagiarism
Item 7
In the case below, the original source material is given along with a sample of student work. Determine the type of plagiarism by clicking the appropriate radio button.
Original Source Material
Student Version
No matter how kindly voters treat the panderer in the voting booth, the public overwhelmingly believes that candidates will say one thing to get elected and then ignore their pledges once in office. This lack of sincerity, to the extent that happens, reduces public confidence in government. Candidates should say what they believe. At the same time, the public should demand that candidates speak frankly and truthfully about issues of concern, and it must understand that once a person is elected and looks at the fact in much greater detail, changes in attitude do and should occur.
References: Simon, P. (2003). Our culture of pandering. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.
How could voter trust in politicians be improved? Simon (2003) suggests three ways that could improve the relationship between voters and politicians: (1) Candidates should be open about their beliefs; (2) Voters should pressure candidates to share their beliefs openly; (3) Voters should appreciate that candidates can and should change their beliefs given access to new information or a changed landscape.
References: Simon, P. (2003). Our culture of pandering. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.
Which of the following is true for the Student Version above?
Word-for-Word plagiarism
Paraphrasing plagiarism
This is not plagiarism
Item 8
In the case below, the original source material is given along with a sample of student work. Determine the type of plagiarism by clicking the appropriate radio button.
Original Source Material
Student Version
In examining the history of the visionary companies, we were struck by how often they made some of their best moves not by detailed strategic planning, but rather by experimentation, trial and error, opportunism, and–quite literally–accident. What looks in hindsight like a brilliant strategy was often the residual result of opportunistic experimentation and “purposeful accidents.”
References: Collins, J. C., & Porras, J. I. (2002). Built to last: Successful habits of visionary companies. New York, NY: Harper Paperbacks.
The variety of projects that Google undertakes, from Internet search to cars that drive themselves, could be considered lack of focus. However, perhaps Google recognizes that successful moves that looked like the result of “a brilliant strategy was often the residual result of opportunistic experimentation” (Collins & Porras, 2002, p. 141).
References: Collins, J. C., & Porras, J. I. (2002). Built to last: Successful habits of visionary companies. New York, NY: Harper Paperbacks.
Which of the following is true for the Student Version above?
Word-for-Word plagiarism
Paraphrasing plagiarism
This is not plagiarism
Item 9
In the case below, the original source material is given along with a sample of student work. Determine the type of plagiarism by clicking the appropriate radio button.
Original Source Material
Student Version
The design team held weekly meetings during the first semester of work. In addition to these meetings, the team members used emails and a listserv for communication. The team eventually created a website hosted by Google to keep track of all of the decisions made during the design process.
References: Lara, M. A., Myers, R., Frick, T. W., Aslan, S., & Michaelidou, T. (2010). A design case: Developing an enhanced version of the Diffusion Simulation Game. International Journal of Designs for Learning, 1(1). Retrieved from
https://tedfrick.sitehost.iu.edu/aDesignCaseIJDL2010.pdf
One element for describing a design case is outlining the design process and the approach used to document design decisions. For example, the design case associated with the development of an educational game describes weekly team meetings, the technology used for communication between meetings, and exactly how design decisions were documented (Lara, Myers, Frick, Aslan, & Michaelidou, 2010). These types of details would not normally be included in an article reporting on empirical research.
References: Lara, M. A., Myers, R., Frick, T. W., Aslan, S., & Michaelidou, T. (2010). A design case: Developing an enhanced version of the Diffusion Simulation Game. International Journal of Designs for Learning, 1(1). Retrieved from
https://tedfrick.sitehost.iu.edu/aDesignCaseIJDL2010.pdf
Which of the following is true for the Student Version above?
Word-for-Word plagiarism
Paraphrasing plagiarism
This is not plagiarism
Item 10
In the case below, the original source material is given along with a sample of student work. Determine the type of plagiarism by clicking the appropriate radio button.
Original Source Material
Student Version
It should be apparent that technology will play a crucial role in the success of the information-age paradigm of education. It will enable a quantum improvement in student learning, and likely at a lower cost per student per year than in the current industrial-age paradigm. Just as the electronic spreadsheet made the accountant’s job quicker, easier, and less expensive, the kind of LMS described here will make the teacher’s job quicker, easier, and less expensive.
References: Reigeluth, C. M., Watson, W. R., Watson, S. L., Dutta, P., Chen, Z. C., & Powell, N. D. P. (2008). Roles for technology in the information-age paradigm of education: Learning management systems. Educational Technology, 48(6), 32-39.
It should be clear that teachers

A therapist at a free university clinic treats elementary school children with behavior problems who are referred by a social service agency. She is also a doctoral candidate who proposes using data she has and will collect about the children for a case-based research project. Which of the following statements about parental permission is correct? The therapist creates her clients’ records; therefore, she does not need parents’ permission to use the information for research purposes. If it is the best interests of the community that the children participate in the study, parental permission is optional. The parents of the children might feel pressure to give permission to the therapist to use their children’s data so that she will continue to provide services to their children. The superintendent of the school system can give permission for children to be in the study; therefore, the therapist doesn’t have to ask the parents for permission.
Question 2 A general requirement for informed consent is that no informed consent may include any exculpatory language. Exculpatory language is that which waives or appears to waive any of the subject’s legal rights or releases or appears to release those conducting the research from liability for negligence. Which of the following statements in a consent form is an example of exculpatory language? In the event of any distress you may have related to this research, you will be given access to appropriate resources. The researcher may stop you from taking part in this research without your consent if you experience side effects that make your emotional condition worse. If you become too emotionally distressed during the research, you may have to drop out. Taking part in the research is voluntary, but if you choose to take part, you waive the right to legal redress for any research-related injuries. Your participation in this research is voluntary. If you choose not to participate, or change your mind later, your decision will not affect your relationship with the researcher or your right to other services that you may be eligible for.
Question 3 A criterion for waiving informed consent is that, when appropriate, subjects are provided additional pertinent information after the study. In which of the following studies would it NOT be appropriate to provide subjects with information about missing elements of consent: A study in which researchers told students that they would be given a quiz after reading some study materials when the researchers did not intend to use a quiz, but were attempting to focus subjects’ attention on the material. A study in which subjects were told that they performed in the third quartile on an anagram task when in reality students were randomly assigned scores that were not related to their actual performance. A study involving decision-making games in which subjects were led to believe that they were interacting with another student in another room, but were actually interacting with a computer programmed to provide consistent responses to all subjects. A study in which subjects were assigned to study activities based on an undesirable or unflattering physical characteristic as assessed by members of the research team.
Question 4 A waiver of the requirement for documentation of informed consent may be granted when: Potential subjects might find some of the research questions embarrassing, personal, or intrusive. The subjects are literate in their own language; however, they do not read, write, or speak English. The investigator has no convenient place to store signed consent forms separate from the research data. The only record linking the subject and the research is the consent document and the principal risk is a breach of confidentiality.
Question 5 As part of the consent process, the federal regulations require researchers to: Recommend that potential subjects discuss their decision to participate with family members. Provide a list of the IRB members who reviewed the protocol. Provide potential subjects with information at the appropriate reading comprehension level. Describe penalties that may be imposed for non-participation.

Which Principle of Behavior expects you to resist adversary exploitation despite the pervasive physical and environmental control retained by the captor?

AP Psychology Chapter 15 Test (A)
Carl Rogers suggested that the is a central feature of personality.
A) collective unconscious
B) Oedipus complex
C) inferiority complex
D) Barnum effect
E) self-concept
Freud suggested that in the process of development, people pass through
A) a genital stage before they enter a latency stage.
B) a latency stage before they enter a phallic stage.
C) a genital stage before they enter a phallic stage.
D) a latency stage before they enter a genital stage.
E) a phallic stage before they enter an oral stage.
Because she is often rejected by her parents, Sally mistrusts other people and treats them with hostility, which leads to their rejection of her. This cycle of rejection, mistrust, hostility, and further rejection illustrates what is meant by:
A) an external locus of control.
B) the spotlight effect.
C) the self-serving phenomenon.
D) reaction formation
E) reciprocal determinism.
People’s scores on personality tests often fail to predict their behavior in a real-life situation. According to Walter Mischel, this should make us more cautious about emphasizing the consistency of
A) self-efficacy
B) personality traits.
C) reciprocal determinism.
D) unconditional positive regard.
E) self-actualization